bio

Wayne Shorter, (born August 25, 1933, Newark, New Jersey, U.S.—died March 2, 2023, Los Angeles, California), American musician and composer, a major jazz saxophonist, among the most influential hard-bop and modal musicians and a pioneer of jazz-rock fusion music. 韦恩·肖特（Wayne Shorter），（1933 年 8 月 25 日出生于美国新泽西州纽瓦克 - 2023 年 3 月 2 日卒于加利福尼亚州洛杉矶），美国音乐家和作曲家，爵士萨克斯管的主要演奏家，最具影响力的硬波普和情调音乐家之一，爵士摇滚融合音乐的先驱。

Shorter studied at New York University (B.M.E., 1956) and served in the U.S. Army (1956–58). He spent brief periods in the Horace Silver quintet (1956) and the Maynard Ferguson big band (1958) before his first major association, with Art Blakey’s hard-bop Jazz Messengers (1959–63). He joined Miles Davis’s modal jazz quintet as a tenor saxophonist in 1964 and stayed with him during Davis’s early fusion music experiments, leaving in 1970 as a soprano saxophonist. 肖特曾就读于纽约大学（B.M.E.，1956年），并在美国陆军服役（1956-58年）。在他的第一次主要协会之前，他在Horace Silver五重奏（1956）和Maynard Ferguson大乐队（1958）中度过了短暂的一段时间，与Art Blakey的硬波普爵士信使（1959-63）。他于1964年加入迈尔斯·戴维斯的模态爵士五重奏，担任男高音萨克斯手，并在戴维斯早期融合音乐实验期间与他在一起，并于1970年作为女高音萨克斯手离开。

Throughout the 1970s and much of the ’80s, Shorter and keyboard player Joe Zawinul together led Weather Report, a fusion band that explored an uncommon variety of sound colours. He returned frequently to the tenor saxophone and in later years led his own fusion music groups. 在整个 1970 年代和 80 年代的大部分时间里，肖特和键盘手 Joe Zawinul 共同领导了 Weather Report，这是一个探索不同寻常的各种声音颜色的融合乐队。他经常回到次中音萨克斯管，并在后来的几年里领导了自己的融合音乐团体。

Shorter’s improvising was always notable for its great harmonic and rhythmic sophistication. His early tenor saxophone solos, inspired by Sonny Rollins, featured rare formal unity using thematic improvisation techniques, often with drama and humour (“Afrique,” “High Modes”). A growing concern with lyricism resulted in considerable stylistic revision and the use of more diffuse forms by the mid-1960s; much of his playing suggested a reinterpretation of John Coltrane’s style. His early soprano saxophone work, including the Super Nova album (1969), is especially notable for its melodic flow. A prolific composer, Shorter wrote many of his finest songs for the Blakey and Davis groups, including “Lester Left Town,” “Ping Pong,” “Children of the Night,” and “Footprints.” 肖特的即兴创作一直以其出色的和声和节奏的复杂性而著称。他早期的次中音萨克斯独奏受到桑尼·罗林斯（Sonny Rollins）的启发，使用主题即兴创作技巧以罕见的形式统一为特色，通常带有戏剧性和幽默感（“非洲”，“高模式”）。到1960年代中期，对抒情的日益关注导致了大量的风格修改和使用更分散的形式;他的大部分演奏都暗示了对约翰·科尔特兰风格的重新诠释。他早期的女高音萨克斯管作品，包括Super Nova专辑（1969），以其旋律流动而闻名。作为一名多产的作曲家，肖特为布莱基和戴维斯乐队写了许多他最好的歌曲，包括“莱斯特左镇”，“乒乓球”，“夜晚的孩子”和“足迹”。

Shorter continued to perform into the early 21st century, and his later albums included Atlantis (1985), High Life (1995), Without a Net (2013), and Emanon (2018); the last two were among several that featured the quartet of Shorter, Danilo Pérez (piano), John Patitucci (bass), and Brian Blade (drums). Shorter received more than 10 Grammy Awards, including a lifetime achievement award in 2015. He was named a Jazz Master by the National Endowment for the Arts in 1998 and received a Kennedy Center Honor in 2018. 肖特继续演出到 21 世纪初，他后来的专辑包括亚特兰蒂斯（1985 年）、高级生活（1995 年）、没有网（2013 年）和埃马农（2018 年）;最后两个是肖特、达尼洛·佩雷斯（钢琴）、约翰·帕蒂图奇（贝斯）和布莱恩·布莱德（鼓）四重奏的几个人之一。肖特获得了10多项格莱美奖，其中包括2015年的终身成就奖。他于1998年被美国国家艺术基金会评为爵士乐大师，并于2018年获得肯尼迪中心荣誉奖。