bio

Archie Shepp, byname of Archie Vernon Shepp, (born May 24, 1937, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, U.S.), American tenor saxophonist, composer, dramatist, teacher, and pioneer of the free jazz movement, known not only for his creative improvisation and colourful sound but also for his Afrocentric approach to music.阿奇·谢普（Archie Shepp），阿奇·弗农·谢普（Archie Vernon Shepp）的绰号，（1937 年 5 月 24 日出生于美国佛罗里达州劳德代尔堡），美国男高音萨克斯手、作曲家、戏剧家、教师和自由爵士乐运动的先驱，不仅以其创造性的即兴创作和丰富多彩的声音而闻名，还以其以非洲为中心的音乐方法而闻名。

Shepp grew up in Philadelphia and attended Goddard College (B.A., 1959), Plainfield, Vermont. He began his musical career in New York City, where he played tenor saxophone with pianist Cecil Taylor’s quartet (1960–62), a pioneer free jazz group. Following collaborations with trumpeter Bill Dixon, in 1963 Shepp formed the New York Contemporary Five (with trumpeter Don Cherry, alto saxophonist John Tchicai, and others), which subsequently toured in eastern and western Europe. 谢普在费城长大，就读于佛蒙特州普莱恩菲尔德的戈达德学院（文学学士，1959 年）。他在纽约市开始了他的音乐生涯，在那里他与钢琴家塞西尔·泰勒（Cecil Taylor）的四重奏（1960-62）一起演奏次中音萨克斯管，这是一个先锋的自由爵士乐队。在与小号手比尔·迪克森（Bill Dixon）合作之后，谢普于1963年组建了纽约当代五人乐队（与小号手唐·切里（Don Cherry），中音萨克斯手约翰·奇凯（John Tchicai）等人），随后在东欧和西欧巡回演出。

Shepp then led his own groups, which included many of the finest young players of the new music. His major work was done in the 1960s, when he formulated a saxophone style featuring a gruff tone, wide vibrato, hearty swing, and eruptions of harsh screams and multiphonics (simultaneously played notes). The traditions of John Coltrane and Ben Webster were important influences on his soloing. Shepp also composed and arranged songs, setting his pieces with provocative dissonances (as in Fire Music, 1965). 谢普随后领导了自己的团队，其中包括许多新音乐中最优秀的年轻演奏家。他的主要工作是在 1960 年代完成的，当时他制定了一种萨克斯风格，具有粗犷的音调、宽阔的颤音、丰盛的摇摆以及刺耳的尖叫声和多音（同时演奏的音符）的爆发。John Coltrane和Ben Webster的传统对他的独奏产生了重要影响。谢普还创作和编曲歌曲，将他的作品设置为挑衅性的不和谐音（如1965年的Fire Music）Simultaneously, Shepp pursued a literary career, composing essays linking free jazz to Black militancy; reading his own poetry on recordings; and writing plays, including Junebug Graduates Tonight (1967). He taught African American studies at the State University of New York at Buffalo (1968–72). In 1972 he joined the faculty at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, where he remained until his retirement from teaching in 2002. Throughout his years as a university professor and well afterward, Shepp continued to release new material, including Left Alone Revisited (2005), a tribute with pianist Mal Waldron to jazz singer Billie Holiday; Wo!man (2011), an album of duets with German pianist Joachim Kühn; and Ocean Bridges (2020), which incorporated rap and hip-hop. The National Endowment for the Arts named Shepp a Jazz Master in 2016. 同时，谢普追求文学生涯，撰写将自由爵士乐与黑人武装联系起来的文章;在录音中朗读自己的诗歌;并撰写剧本，包括《六月虫毕业生今晚》（1967）。他在纽约州立大学布法罗分校教授非裔美国人研究（1968-72）。1972年，他加入了马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校的教职，直到2002年退休。在他担任大学教授的这些年里，谢普继续发布新材料，包括与钢琴家马尔·沃尔德隆一起向爵士歌手比莉·霍利迪致敬的《独自一人重访》（2005 年）;Wo！man （2011），与德国钢琴家Joachim Kühn的二重唱专辑;和海洋桥梁 （2020），其中融合了说唱和嘻哈。美国国家艺术基金会于2016年任命谢普为爵士乐大师。